From 40 tracking flights carried out in the Cerrado biome, we obtained a detection rate of 90% in savanna and 40% in forest areas. The self-contained tracking system was built without the need for hardware or software customization. We present the system configuration, explore the operational parameters that can affect detection capabilities, and test the effectiveness of the system in locating targets by simulating target animals in savanna and forest environments. We explore the potential of wildlife tracking with drones by using a system consisting of a multirotor drone, smartphones, and commercial tracking devices via Bluetooth and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) off-the-shelf that is easy to use by non-specialists. grc file is executed with the RTL-SDR connected to an antenna, the RTL-SDR will receive local FM Broadcast stations.In recent years, drones are increasingly used for fauna monitoring and wildlife tracking however, the application of drones for tracking wildlife is restricted to those users with the technical capacity to develop such systems. Read important introductory information here regarding the downloading procedure: How to download and save. grc file for this receiver: RTL-SDR FM Broadcast c can be downloaded and executed in your own GNU Radio application. Read the instructions regarding the RTL-SDR driver fix for the Ubuntu OS: Correct the RTL SDR USB connection problem RTL-SDR FM Broadcast Receiver Operating GUI showing a commercial FM Broadcast signal Below the FFT displays are WX Slider controls for Frequency Tuning, Audio Gain control, and a WX GUI Chooser for Station Choice of the RTL-SDR. The primary composite audio signal is displayed in the center of the display with the signal data subcarriers above and below in frequency. Observe the spectrum of an FM broadcast station. Inspection of the Operating GUI shows the RF FFT panadapter display in the center of the screen. When the flowgraph is executed the Operating GUI appears on the screen. RTL-SDR FM Broadcast Receiver GNU Radio Flowgraph The DSP block parameters are displayed in each block. The second row of DSP blocks in the flowgraph depicts the DSP blocks necessary to display a WX GUI FFT Sink or panadapter display. The D/A converter in the sound card converts the digital data stream back to an analog signal that can be heard in the computer speakers. The Audio Sink block is the computer sound card. The data stream continues through an audio Low-Pass Filter, a Multiply Constant block (which functions as an audio volume control), finally to and Audio Sink block. ![]() At this point in the data stream, the output is converted from a complex (I & Q) data stream to floating point (I only) data stream that is compatible with the computer sound card. Review of the flow graph, from left to right, depicts the complex digital signal stream from the RTL-SDR receiver Source, to the IF Low Pass filter, followed by the WBFM Receive demodulator block. ![]() This GNU Radio flow graph is configured as an FM Broadcast radio receiver. For example, the GNU Radio DSP can configure the RTL-SDR to receive AM from commercial aircraft traffic, WBFM Broadcast stations, NBFM repeaters in the amateur radio bands, not to mention CW and SSB modulation etc. The DSP can be customized to fit the intended use. For people interested in using GNU Radio for real radio DSP projects a great place to start is to pair the GNU Radio DSP with the inexpensive RTL-SDR VHF/UHF receiver.
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